Autism is a spectrum, a range of experiences and abilities that are as diverse as the individuals who live with the condition. One of the most common characteristics of people with autism is the development of special interests. These interests, often intense and focused, can range from common topics like coding, retro computing, history, science or simply reading, to more unique fascinations. But what is the significance of these special interests, and how do they impact the lives of those on the autism spectrum? Let’s delve into this fascinating aspect of autism.
The Role of Special Interests in Autism
Special interests are more than just hobbies or pastimes for people with autism. They are a source of joy, comfort, and even a means of navigating the world around them. They feel safe, manageable and make sense in a world that often doesn’t and can be overwhelming for autistic people. Historically, some interventions for autism have tried to limit these interests or use them largely as a reward for good behavior. But many people with autism consider these interests to be an important strength and a way to relieve stress and ground themselves emotionally.
These interests can offer people with autism opportunities to socialize and to highlight their strengths. They can sometimes even grow into a career or lifelong passion. However, it’s important to note that these interests, while beneficial, can sometimes become so consuming that they interfere with other aspects of life, such as maintaining relationships.
Some special interests come and go, others may be lifelong.
The Benefits of Special Interests
Research has shown that incorporating special interests into therapies and daily life can enhance social skills and other functions, as well as reduce anxiety. Engaging in special interests can improve attention and social interactions in people with autism.
For example, I read recently about a young woman who loved languages and was encouraged to listen to movies and TV shows she knew well in foreign languages as she did her chores and her homework. This not only made the chores more enjoyable but also improved her engagement with her family and academic performance. She would pick up new verbs and nouns in each language passively whilst half listening.
Special Interests and Education
Incorporating special interests into education for people with autism can be highly beneficial. For example, a student who loves airplanes might be more engaged in a math problem that involves calculating flight distances or fuel consumption.
Some schools and organizations have started to use special interest clubs as a way to help students with autism socialize around a subject they particularly enjoy. This makes a lot of sense, as people naturally socialize around preferred interests.
The Future of Special Interests in Autism
The professional community is slowly catching up to the importance of special interests in autism. More and more therapists, educators, and researchers are recognizing the potential benefits that special interests can bring.
In many countries teachers are being trained to use special interests to help autistic students learn and engage with others. Some museums and community spaces have recognized that they hold a particular interest for people with autism and have built programs around this.
Conclusion
Special interests in autism are a powerful tool for engagement, learning, and socialization. They are a testament to the unique strengths and abilities of individuals on the autism spectrum. By recognizing and harnessing these interests, we can create more inclusive and effective educational strategies and therapies.
Remember, autism is a spectrum, and every individual’s experience is unique. The key is to embrace these special interests and use them as a bridge to learning, growth, and social connection.